Artículo 23.- Ningún juicio criminal deberá tener más de tres instancias. Nadie puede ser juzgado dos veces por el mismo delito, ya sea que en el juicio se le absuelva o se le condene. Queda prohibida la práctica de absolver de la instancia.
Article 23. No criminal trial shall have more than three stages. No one can be tried twice for the same crime, whether he was acquitted or convicted. The practice of acquitting for lack of evidence is prohibited.*
Article 23. No criminal trial shall have more than three stages. No one can be tried twice for the same crime, whether he was acquitted or convicted. The practice of acquitting for lack of evidence is prohibited.*
* In Mexican law, when the evidence was inconclusive, the matter could be disposed of by an order of absolución de la instancia, which operated as a dismissal but not as a judgment for or against either party in a civil case, or as an acquittal or conviction in a criminal case. Hence, upon discovery of more evidence the case might be revived. Similar to the Scotch verdict of not proved, and to the Roman non liquet.
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